CVE-2024-40891: Zyxel DSL CPE OS Command Injection Vulnerability
Advisory generated from the CVE record, CISA, Exploit Observer and VEDAS: what it is, whether it is exploited, who is affected, and how to fix and detect it.
Generated by VEDAS. Scores as of 2026-11-01 19:19 UTC. Rebuilt every few hours from cve-scores, CISA KEV and vedas-signatures. How this works and its limits.
What it is
**UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED** A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the management commands of the legacy DSL CPE Zyxel VMG4325-B10A firmware version 1.00(AAFR.4)C0_20170615 could allow an authenticated attacker to execute operating system (OS) commands on an affected device via Telnet.
Description quoted from the CVE record (assigned by Zyxel, published 2025-02-04).
Weakness: CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (‘OS Command Injection’)
How it can be exploited
Exploitable over the network with low attack complexity needing low privileges and no user interaction. Impact: confidentiality high, integrity high, availability high. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CISA assessment (SSVC): CISA assesses exploitation as active. Automatable: no. Technical impact: total.
- On CISA KEV since
- 2025-02-11
- US federal deadline
- 2025-03-04
- Ransomware use
- Not known
Public exploit evidence (Exploit Observer)
Also known as: BDU:2025-00886, CNNVD-202502-286, EUVD-2024-38851, GHSA-pm4h-579g-cgqq
Exploit Observer links 1 piece of public exploit code or detection modules that name this CVE or one of its aliases.
Exploit code and modules (1)
Code that names this CVE. A repository can be a working exploit, a scanner, a fake or malware; read it before running anything.
- Code repository: https://github.com/krevetkqqq/cve-2024-40891
Research and write-ups (2)
- Research or write-up: https://viz.greynoise.io/tags/zyxel-cpe-cve-2024-40891-command-injection-attempt?days=1
- Research or write-up: https://www.greynoise.io/blog/active-exploitation-of-zero-day-zyxel-cpe-vulnerability-cve-2024-40891
Vulnerability databases and vendor advisories (6)
Catalogue entries, not exploit evidence.
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2024-40891
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/enisa/EUVD-2024-38851
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-pm4h-579g-cgqq
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40891
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2024-40891
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://www.cnnvd.org.cn/home/globalSearch?keyword=CNNVD-202502-286
13 more references returned by Exploit Observer did not name this CVE or an alias, so they are left out.
VEDAS data as of 2026-11-01T17:12 UTC; fetched 2026-11-02.
Live scores
- EPSS
- 0.229
likely to be attacked soon - VEDAS
- 0.767
some exploit evidence - On CISA KEV
- Yes, since 2025-02-11
- Detection rule
- None yet
Thin horizontal line: the “likely” (EPSS 0.10) or “strong” (VEDAS 0.90) threshold. Shaded “no data” areas are periods when cve-scores did not publish.
Who is affected
| Product | Affected | Not affected |
|---|---|---|
| Zyxel VMG4325-B10A firmware | version <= 1.00(AAFR.4)C0_20170615 | Not stated |
Version ranges exactly as the CVE record states them. “Before X” means X is the first fixed version.
Exploit Observer also maps it to: zyxel sbg3300-n000_firmware, zyxel sbg3300-nb00_firmware, zyxel sbg3500-n000_firmware, zyxel sbg3500-nb00_firmware, zyxel vmg1312-b10a_firmware, zyxel vmg1312-b10b_firmware, zyxel vmg1312-b10e_firmware, zyxel vmg3312-b10a_firmware, zyxel vmg3313-b10a_firmware, zyxel vmg3926-b10b_firmware.
How to fix it
CISA required action: The impacted product could be end-of-life (EoL) and/or end-of-service (EoS). Users should discontinue product utilization if a current mitigation is unavailable.
Vendor guidance:
How to detect it
There is no open VEDAS detection rule for this bug yet. It is listed on the detection gaps page if CISA has confirmed attacks.
References
Vendor advisories and patches
Government sources
- https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2024-40891 (government-resource)
Other databases
Where this comes from
This advisory is generated automatically by VEDAS from: CVE.org record, CISA KEV, cve-scores (EPSS and VEDAS), Exploit Observer. Text in quotes is reproduced from the source; everything else is a fixed template filled with source fields. Nothing here is written by a language model. Check the vendor advisory before acting, and read how VEDAS and Exploit Observer work, and their limits.