CVE-2025-49706: Microsoft SharePoint exploited

Advisory generated from the CVE record, CISA, Exploit Observer and VEDAS: what it is, whether it is exploited, who is affected, and how to fix and detect it.

What it is

Improper authentication in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.

Description quoted from the CVE record (assigned by microsoft, published 2025-07-08).

Weakness: CWE-287: Improper Authentication

How it can be exploited

Exploitable over the network with low attack complexity needing no privileges and no user interaction. Impact: confidentiality low, integrity low, availability none. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N/E:F/RL:O/RC:C

CISA assessment (SSVC): CISA assesses exploitation as active. Automatable: no. Technical impact: partial.

On CISA KEV since: 2025-07-22
US federal deadline: 2025-07-23
Ransomware use: Yes

Public exploit evidence (Exploit Observer)

Also known as: BDU:2025-08524, CNNVD-202507-1131, EUVD-2025-20552, GHSA-j67g-r75f-8hgp, ZDI-25-580

VEDAS cluster: VEDAS:DRAGONPOISE

Exploit Observer links 7 pieces of public exploit code or detection modules that name this CVE or one of its aliases.

Exploit code and modules (7)

Code that names this CVE. A repository can be a working exploit, a scanner, a fake or malware; read it before running anything.

Research and write-ups (1)

Research or write-up: https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-580

Vulnerability databases and vendor advisories (8)

Catalogue entries, not exploit evidence.

Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/enisa/EUVD-2025-20552
Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-j67g-r75f-8hgp
Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2025-49706
Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2025-49706)
Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49706
Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-49706
Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://www.cnnvd.org.cn/home/globalSearch?keyword=CNNVD-202507-1131
Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://www.tenable.com/cve/CVE-2025-49706

134 more references returned by Exploit Observer did not name this CVE or an alias, so they are left out.

VEDAS data as of 2026-11-01T17:12 UTC; fetched 2026-11-02.

Live scores

EPSS: 0.991
very likely to be attacked soon
VEDAS: 0.980
strong exploit evidence
On CISA KEV: Yes, since 2025-07-22
Detection rule: Nuclei · Suricata

EPSS (chance of attack)

VEDAS (exploit evidence)

Thin horizontal line: the “likely” (EPSS 0.10) or “strong” (VEDAS 0.90) threshold. Shaded “no data” areas are periods when cve-scores did not publish. The vertical line is the day CISA added it to its exploited list.

Who is affected

Product	Affected	Not affected
Microsoft Microsoft SharePoint Enterprise Server 2016	from 16.0.0 before 16.0.5508.1000	Not stated
Microsoft Microsoft SharePoint Server 2019	from 16.0.0 before 16.0.10417.20027	Not stated
Microsoft Microsoft SharePoint Server Subscription Edition	from 16.0.0 before 16.0.18526.20424	Not stated

Version ranges exactly as the CVE record states them. “Before X” means X is the first fixed version.

Exploit Observer also maps it to: microsoft sharepoint_enterprise_server, microsoft sharepoint_server, microsoft_corp microsoft_sharepoint_enterprise_server_2016, microsoft_corp microsoft_sharepoint_server_2019, microsoft_corp microsoft_sharepoint_server_subscription_edition.

How to fix it

Fixed versions stated in the CVE record: 16.0.5508.1000, 16.0.10417.20027, 16.0.18526.20424.

CISA required action: Disconnect public-facing versions of SharePoint Server that have reached their end-of-life (EOL) or end-of-service (EOS) to include SharePoint Server 2013 and earlier versions. For supported versions, please follow the mitigations according to CISA (URL listed below in Notes) and vendor instructions (URL listed below in Notes). Adhere to the applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are not available.

Vendor guidance:

Microsoft SharePoint Server Spoofing Vulnerability (vendor-advisory, patch)
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/07/22/disrupting-active-exploitation-of-on-premises-sharepoint-vulnerabilities/ (vendor-advisory)

How to detect it

Nuclei template (active check)

Sharepoint - Authentication Bypass
Improper authentication in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.

Name and description quoted from the template, written by VEDAS.

The template sends 2 requests (POST /_layouts/15/ToolPane.aspx?DisplayMode=Edit&a=/ToolPane.aspx, POST /_layouts/15/ToolPane.aspx?DisplayMode=Edit&a=/ToolPane.aspx); it decides using dsl matchers. Severity in the template: medium. Marked as not yet verified against a live vulnerable target.

Run it against a host you own or are authorised to test:

bash

nuclei -u https://your-host -t CVE-2025-49706.yaml

Show the template (57 lines)

yaml

id: CVE-2025-49706

info:
  name: "Sharepoint - Authentication Bypass"
  author: vedas-arpsyndicate
  severity: medium
  description: |
    Improper authentication in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing
    over a network.
  reference:
    - https://www.exploit.observer/?keyword=CVE-2025-49706&match=exact
    - https://subdomain.center/?engine=ammonites&keyword=sharepoint&match=exact
  classification:
    cvss-metrics: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
    cvss-score: 6.5
    cve-id: CVE-2025-49706
    cwe-id: CWE-287
  metadata:
    verified: false
  tags: cve,cve2025,sharepoint,auth-bypass,microsoft,vkev,kev,vuln
flow: http(1) && http(2)

http:
  - raw:
      - |
        POST /_layouts/15/ToolPane.aspx?DisplayMode=Edit&a=/ToolPane.aspx HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
        Accept-Encoding: gzip

        MSOTlPn_Uri=&MSOTlPn_DWP=

    matchers:
      - type: dsl
        dsl:
          - 'status_code == 301 || status_code == 302'
          - 'contains(all_headers, "Microsoftsharepointteamservices")'
          - 'contains(tolower(body), "object moved")'
        condition: and
        internal: true

  - raw:
      - |
        POST /_layouts/15/ToolPane.aspx?DisplayMode=Edit&a=/ToolPane.aspx HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
        Referer: /_layouts/SignOut.aspx
        Accept-Encoding: gzip

        MSOTlPn_Uri=&MSOTlPn_DWP=

    matchers:
      - type: dsl
        dsl:
          - 'status_code == 400'
          - 'contains(all_headers, "Microsoftsharepointteamservices")'
        condition: and

CVE-2025-49706.yaml on GitHub

Suricata rules (network detection)

1 rule that alert on traffic matching this exploit: VEDAS CVE-2025-49706 Sharepoint - Authentication Bypass. Add them to your Suricata rule set and reload.

Show the rules

suricata

alert http $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HTTP_SERVERS $HTTP_PORTS (msg:"VEDAS CVE-2025-49706 Sharepoint - Authentication Bypass"; flow:established,to_server; http.uri; content:"/_layouts/15/ToolPane.aspx"; nocase; fast_pattern; content:"DisplayMode="; nocase; classtype:web-application-attack; reference:cve,CVE-2025-49706; reference:url,https://www.exploit.observer/?keyword=CVE-2025-49706&match=exact; reference:url,https://subdomain.center/?engine=ammonites&keyword=sharepoint&match=exact; sid:1008971; rev:1;)

CVE-2025-49706.rules on GitHub

Advisories on this CVE

SharePoint “ToolShell” (CVE-2025-53770 / -53771; base bugs CVE-2025-49704 / -49706) (18 Jul 2025)

References

Vendor advisories and patches

Microsoft SharePoint Server Spoofing Vulnerability (vendor-advisory, patch)
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/07/22/disrupting-active-exploitation-of-on-premises-sharepoint-vulnerabilities/ (vendor-advisory)

Government sources

https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-49706 (government-resource)

Other databases

Where this comes from

This advisory is generated automatically by VEDAS from: CVE.org record, CISA KEV, cve-scores (EPSS and VEDAS), Exploit Observer, vedas-signatures. Text in quotes is reproduced from the source; everything else is a fixed template filled with source fields. Nothing here is written by a language model. Check the vendor advisory before acting, and read how VEDAS and Exploit Observer work, and their limits.