CVE-2025-62593: Ray-Project Ray Code Injection Vulnerability
Advisory generated from the CVE record, CISA, Exploit Observer and VEDAS: what it is, whether it is exploited, who is affected, and how to fix and detect it.
Generated by VEDAS. Scores as of 2026-11-01 19:19 UTC. Rebuilt every few hours from cve-scores, CISA KEV and vedas-signatures. How this works and its limits.
What it is
Ray is an AI compute engine. Prior to version 2.52.0, developers working with Ray as a development tool can be exploited via a critical RCE vulnerability exploitable via Firefox and Safari. This vulnerability is due to an insufficient guard against browser-based attacks, as the current defense uses the User-Agent header starting with the string “Mozilla” as a defense mechanism. This defense is insufficient as the fetch specification allows the User-Agent header to be modified. Combined with a DNS rebinding attack against the browser, and this vulnerability is exploitable against a developer running Ray who inadvertently visits a malicious website, or is served a malicious advertisement (malvertising). This issue has been patched in version 2.52.0.
Description quoted from the CVE record (assigned by GitHub_M, published 2025-11-26).
Weakness: CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (‘Code Injection’); CWE-352: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
How it can be exploited
Exploitable over the network with low attack complexity with no special attack requirements needing no privileges and a user must take an action. Impact: confidentiality high, integrity high, availability high. CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
CISA assessment (SSVC): CISA assesses exploitation as active. Automatable: yes. Technical impact: total.
- On CISA KEV since
- 2026-08-17
- US federal deadline
- 2026-08-20
- Ransomware use
- Not known
Public exploit evidence (Exploit Observer)
Also known as: BDU:2025-14769, CNNVD-202511-2831, EUVD-2025-199754, GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v
VEDAS cluster: VEDAS:CHOOSECHEESE
Exploit Observer links 8 pieces of public exploit code or detection modules that name this CVE or one of its aliases.
Exploit code and modules (8)
Code that names this CVE. A repository can be a working exploit, a scanner, a fake or malware; read it before running anything.
- Nuclei template: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/main/http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-62593.yaml
- Code repository: https://github.com/b1ack4sh/blackash-cve-2025-62593
- Code repository: https://github.com/boreas37/cve-2025-62593-poc
- Code repository: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ARPSyndicate/vedas-signatures/main/nuclei/2025/CVE-2025-62593.yaml
- Code repository: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ARPSyndicate/vedas-signatures/main/nuclei/2025/CVE-2025-62593.yaml
- Code repository: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ARPSyndicate/vedas-signatures/main/suricata/2025/CVE-2025-62593.rules
- Code repository: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ARPSyndicate/vedas-signatures/main/suricata/2025/CVE-2025-62593.rules
- Code repository: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ARPSyndicate/vedas-signatures/main/suricata/2025/CVE-2025-62593.rules
Vulnerability databases and vendor advisories (7)
Catalogue entries, not exploit evidence.
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/enisa/EUVD-2025-199754
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62593
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-62593
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-62593
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://www.cnnvd.org.cn/home/globalSearch?keyword=CNNVD-202511-2831
81 more references returned by Exploit Observer did not name this CVE or an alias, so they are left out.
VEDAS data as of 2026-11-01T17:12 UTC; fetched 2026-11-02.
Live scores
- EPSS
- 0.602
very likely to be attacked soon - VEDAS
- 0.987
strong exploit evidence - On CISA KEV
- Yes, since 2026-08-17
Thin horizontal line: the “likely” (EPSS 0.10) or “strong” (VEDAS 0.90) threshold. Shaded “no data” areas are periods when cve-scores did not publish. The vertical line is the day CISA added it to its exploited list.
VEDAS flagged this bug about 9 days before CISA confirmed attacks.
Who is affected
| Product | Affected | Not affected |
|---|---|---|
| ray-project ray | version < 2.52.0 | Not stated |
Version ranges exactly as the CVE record states them. “Before X” means X is the first fixed version.
Exploit Observer also maps it to: anyscale ray, anyscale_inc ray, pypi ray.
How to fix it
CISA required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset’s internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.
Vendor guidance:
- https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v
- https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72780bdec075dba6cad1afe0832772bfe09
- https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk
- https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-implementation-guidance-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62593
How to detect it
Nuclei template (active check)
Ray - Code Injection
Ray is an AI compute engine. Prior to version 2.52.0, developers working with Ray as a development tool can be exploited via a critical RCE vulnerability exploitable via Firefox and Safari.
Name and description quoted from the template, written by VEDAS.
The template sends 3 requests (GET /, POST /api/jobs/, GET /api/jobs/{{jobid}}/logs?{{wait_for(3)}}); it decides using regex, status, word matchers. Severity in the template: critical. Marked as not yet verified against a live vulnerable target.
Run it against a host you own or are authorised to test:
nuclei -u https://your-host -t CVE-2025-62593.yamlShow the template (74 lines)
id: CVE-2025-62593
info:
name: Ray - Code Injection
author: vedas-arpsyndicate
severity: critical
description: |
Ray is an AI compute engine. Prior to version 2.52.0, developers working with Ray as a development tool can be
exploited via a critical RCE vulnerability exploitable via Firefox and Safari.
reference:
- https://www.exploit.observer/?keyword=CVE-2025-62593&match=exact
- https://subdomain.center/?engine=ammonites&keyword=ray&match=exact
classification:
cvss-metrics: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
cvss-score: 9.8
cve-id: CVE-2025-62593
cwe-id: CWE-94
metadata:
verified: false
tags: cve,cve2025,rce,ray,kev,vkev
flow: http(1) && http(2)
variables:
jobid: "1Job_{{rand_base(6)}}"
http:
- raw:
- |
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: {{Hostname}}
matchers:
- type: word
part: body
words:
- '<title>Ray Dashboard'
- '/css/main.388a904b.css'
condition: and
internal: true
- raw:
- |
POST /api/jobs/ HTTP/1.1
Host: {{Hostname}}
Content-Type: application/json
{"entrypoint":"id","submission_id":"{{jobid}}"}
- |
GET /api/jobs/{{jobid}}/logs?{{wait_for(3)}} HTTP/1.1
Host: {{Hostname}}
matchers-condition: and
matchers:
- type: regex
part: body
regex:
- 'uid=\d+'
- type: word
part: content_type
words:
- 'application/json'
- type: status
status:
- 200
extractors:
- type: regex
part: body
name: jobid
regex:
- 'uid=(\d+)'
Suricata rules (network detection)
1 rule that alert on traffic matching this exploit: VEDAS CVE-2025-62593 Ray - Code Injection. Add them to your Suricata rule set and reload.
Show the rules
alert http $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HTTP_SERVERS $HTTP_PORTS (msg:"VEDAS CVE-2025-62593 Ray - Code Injection"; flow:established,to_server; http.uri; content:"/api/jobs/"; nocase; fast_pattern; classtype:web-application-attack; reference:cve,CVE-2025-62593; reference:url,https://www.exploit.observer/?keyword=CVE-2025-62593&match=exact; reference:url,https://subdomain.center/?engine=ammonites&keyword=ray&match=exact; sid:1011536; rev:1;)
CVE-2025-62593.rules on GitHub
References
Exploits and technical analysis
- https://www.bitsight.com/blog/rondodox-botnet-infrastructure-analysis (third-party-advisory)
Government sources
- https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-62593 (government-resource)
Other references
- https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v (x_refsource_CONFIRM)
- https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72780bdec075dba6cad1afe0832772bfe09 (x_refsource_MISC)
Other databases
Where this comes from
This advisory is generated automatically by VEDAS from: CVE.org record, CISA KEV, cve-scores (EPSS and VEDAS), Exploit Observer, vedas-signatures. Text in quotes is reproduced from the source; everything else is a fixed template filled with source fields. Nothing here is written by a language model. Check the vendor advisory before acting, and read how VEDAS and Exploit Observer work, and their limits.